Biological Psychology The Brain And Nervous System Essay

1. Biological psychology, of biopsychology, is the application of the principles of biology to the study of mental processes in terms of bodily mechanisms. The view that psychological processes have biological (or physiological) correlates, is the basic assumption of the whole field of biological psychology. Biological psychology is a hopeful domain, one that has much to offer in terms of improving the quality of life of the healthy as well as those suffering from disorders. It also contributed important therapeutic data on a variety of conditions, including: Parkinson s Disease, Alzheimer s Disease, Clinical depression, Schizophrenia and a lot others. Humans have very complex nervous system, they use neurons and neurotransmitters to make the highest active communication network throughout the body. â€Å"most of the body’s neurons are found in the central nervous system(CNS), which consists of the brain and spinal cord† (psychology 5th edition). â€Å"Neuroscience em phasizes that the brain and nervous system are central to understanding behavior, thought, and emotion. (Van Horn, 2014; Zhao others, 2014). Therefore, for biological psychologist all that is psychological is first physiological. All thoughts, feeling behavior ultimately have a biological cause.† We are benefited from biological approach for diagnosing and treating human brains Ex. Schizophrenia. Scientists are also able to create medications for different types of illnesses. Besides having psychologistsShow MoreRelatedEssay on Understanding Consciousness1728 Words   |  7 Pagesof physiological psychology, the relationship between the human nervous system and behavior, and an evaluation of historical figures in the field of physiological psychology The Biopsychological Approach to Understanding Consciousness The process of understanding awareness can be complex. Understanding that there are different spectrums of consciousness and that each type represents different principles is the best approach to understanding awareness. As the endocrine system regulates hormonesRead MoreBiological Psychology : The Biological Bases Of Psychological Processes, Behavior, And Learning1722 Words   |  7 PagesBiological Psychology is defined as a branch of neuroscience that focuses on the biological bases of psychological processes, behavior, and learning. Social Psychology is defined as the scientific study of how a person’s thoughts, feelings, and behavior are influenced by the real, imagined, or implied presence of others. Looking at both aspects of psychology we see many similarities as well as major differences. Some function go hand in hand while others could never be more different. The biologicalRead MoreThe Importance of Biology in the Study of Psychology Essay991 Words   |  4 Page sThe Importance of Biology in the Study of Psychology Ashley B. McVey Cecil College Abstract Whether it is the study of biopsychology and other fields of psychology or neuroscience, all psychologists and scientists are trying to understand the functions of the brain. The body and mind connection and how it reacts to certain behaviors or illnesses. Most all psychological functioning can be reduced to underlying brain processes. This should serve as reason alone as to why biology plays anRead MoreFoundations of Psychology Paper785 Words   |  4 PagesRunning Head: FOUNDATIONS OF PSYCHOLOGY PAPER Foundations of Psychology Paper PSY/300 November 7, 2011 Betsy Ferronato Foundations of Psychology Paper * This paper will discuss the major schools of thought in psychology and examine their major underlying assumptions. The paper will also identify the primary biological foundations of psychology linked to behavior. According to our reading in psychology is the scientific investigation of mental processes and behavior. Mental processesRead MorePsychology Is The Scientific Study Of The Human Mind And Its Behaviors1625 Words   |  7 PagesBy definition, Psychology is â€Å"the scientific study of the human mind and its behaviours†. However, originally, Psychology did not begin as a science. The subject of Psychology began in 1879 when the first experimental laboratory was opened by Wilhelm Wundt. Since its establishment, Psychology has progressed into a world-renowned academic discipline with the formation of the first American experimental lab in 1883 and the first doctorate in 1886 which was presented to Joseph Jastrow, who became aRead MoreExplain How Neurons Transmit Information Our Knowledge of the Nuerons Helps Us to Understand Human Behaviour1109 Words   |  5 Pagesknowledge of the neurons function helps us to understand human behaviour.’ Discuss. The relationship between biology and psychology is a ‘give-and-take’, shared relationship where one can be used to explain and provide insight into the other, as both are related to the physical body and the mind. For that reason biology holds a much significant and important role in the study of psychology. One of the main areas of psychological studies is the mind therefore this essay aims to explain the biology of howRead MoreThe Usefulness Of Animal Models1052 Words   |  5 Pagesuse of animal models in relation to the brain and behaviour of humans has played a significant role in understanding many aspects of the human psychobiology, and ‘much of what we know about the relationships among anatomy, physiology, and behaviour has come from animal research’ (American Psychological Association, no date:online). Research on animal models ranges from simple behaviour observation to more invasive procedures such as the extraction of brain chemicals. However, ‘the use of animalsRead MoreEssay Main Theories of Each School of Psychology1085 Words   |  5 PagesThe four major Schools in psychology are Behaviourism, cognitive, psychoanalytic and biological. Many different psychologists have different assumptions and ideas about the way in which psychology developed. And the main theories of each school of psychology, will be developed further in this essay. Behaviourism was firstly introduced by John B Watson and started around 1913. It is the idea that all behaviours are learnt, and humans are subject to stimulus and response. It also suggests thatRead MoreThe Contribution of a Biological Perspective to our Understanding of Behaviour996 Words   |  4 PagesContribution of a Biological Perspective to our Understanding of Behaviour The importance of Biology within the field of psychology has been and continues to be widely debated. Some scientists such as Francis Crick, believe that explanations for psychological differences can only be found by the means of studying the biology of the brain and genes, this belief is known as reductionism. However most psychologists now believe that biology and psychology go hand inRead MoreBiological Psychology966 Words   |  4 Pages1. Individual Assignment: Biological Psychology Paper †¢ Resources: Assigned readings, Electronic Reserve Readings, the Internet, and/or other sources †¢ Prepare a 700- to 1,050-word paper in which you analyze biological psychology. Be sure to address the following items in your analysis: o Define biological psychology and examine its historical development. o Identify three influential theorists associated with biological psychology. o Describe the relationship

Comparing A London fete and Composed Upon Westminster Bridge

Comparing A London fete and Composed Upon Westminster Bridge A London fete and composed upon Westminster Bridge. I am going to be comparing two poems in this essay the first poem is London fete which was written by a man called Coventry Patmore this poem is about a hanging that took place and about the effect it had on other people who watched. The second poem is composed upon Westminster bridge by William words worth which is about a man who is standing on a bridge describing the view he sees and how he feels looking at this view. The theme to composed upon Westminster Bridge is firstly about nature and beauty and peace. It describes his view of London to be beautiful and how he feels so calm and relaxed from looking at†¦show more content†¦In know that the setting is in the poem because the poem says â€Å"the beauty of the morning, so silent so bare† and the fact that in the morning the sun is shining and it’s peaceful creates the right atmosphere that the poet wants. In London fete it will be darker as the first line sets the scene. It says â€Å"all nights fell â€Å"which shows it is at night and this sets the scene for the poem. As it is a negative poem if it was a bright colourful day then the negative mood that is created in this poem wouldn’t be created. This shows how having the right type of time of day is important to the poet as it helps them set the mood to there poem. Both these poems are alike because there set in London but that’s when the similarities end. A London fete is a narrative poem, the start of the poem explains how a, man is brought out to be hanged as the poem says â€Å"they brought the man out to be hanged† which starts the story of the poem off, the middle of the poem explains how the audience is waiting with excitement for this man to be hanged, for example the text says â€Å"struggles for betting standings ended† this shows that they are all excited to watch this evil deed to be done. At the end of the poem it finishes the story with how little children who watched this murder were influenced by it and started killing other things as at the end of the poem it says â€Å" two children

Hong Kong Jockey Club Free Essays

1. The HK Jockey Club’s stakeholders are as follows: (1)The government. The HK Jockey Club, as a large single taxpayer, could contribute to the government’s fiscal revenue. We will write a custom essay sample on Hong Kong Jockey Club or any similar topic only for you Order Now (2)Hong Kong charities. The HK Jockey Club gives annual donations on which many Hong Kong charities depend. (3)The citizens of Hong Kong. The HK Jockey Club would allocate operational surpluses to support the social and civic needs related to the community services, education, medical and health. (4)The employees. The state of business of HK Jockey Club would affect the wellbeing and the salary of the employees. 5)The customers and the club members. The actions taken by the HK Jockey Club could influence or be influenced by the racing and betting public, the lottery players and the club members. 2. The challenges faced by the HK Jockey Club as it engages in CSR initiatives are as follows: (1)The HK Jockey Club regularly consults the government about the community needs when deciding the distribution of the donations; however, the Club sometimes receives the criticism for the allocation of donations. 2)How the HK Jockey Club expands its gaming business on Mainland China without viola ting the Chinese law in terms of gambling. (3)How to make use of the launch of an Individual Visit Scheme and the recovery of the economy in HK to upturn the betting turnover proportionately. (4)Although the move of legalizing football betting could reduce illegal bookmakers, increase the tax revenue and advance charitable funds, it potentially encourages gambling among youth. The operation of football betting may cause problem and pathological gambling. 5)The public does not well recognize the status of the Jockey Club as not-for profit. People are not aware of the charitable investments conducted by the HK Jockey Club 3. (1)The Jockey Club should conduct several researches before the enhancing of the racing product or the regulatory change. Specifically, the Jockey Club could survey the public opinion toward the plan and consult the government, the club members and the employees to evaluate the plan feasibility. In addition, the Jockey Club could compare its situation with that of other countries that encounter with similar issues to assess the ethical mplications. (2)The Jockey Club should stop the plan or transform the marketing strategy if it does not comply with the domestic or foreign legislation. The Jockey Club should not only uphold the rule of law in Hong Kong, but also respect the legislations in other countries. Moreover, the Jockey Club should provide sufficient education for the public especially the youth about the improvement of the racing product to avoid problem and pathological gambling. Furthermore, the Jockey Club could cooperate with the government to raise the public vigilance of the illegal or unauthorized gambling. How to cite Hong Kong Jockey Club, Papers

Lead Management Team Effectiveness Process-Myaasignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Lead Management Team Effectiveness Process. Answer: Introduction My Aged Care is an organization dedicated to the welfare of older generation. It works for the assistance of aged people and provides online and telephonic service to get information regarding the number and range of services dedicated to the welfare of the senior citizens. The company provides information regarding all the services that can assist a person as he gets older, eligibility of a person to obtain aged care, and communicating and establishing communication regarding aged care. In the company, the primary role of the team is to consult the senior citizens and adults regarding the range of services that is provided to the senior citizens. Many times, the senior citizens do not know what services are available to them and what their requirements are, My Aged Care supports these people. It also provides services regarding maintenance of web portal for the clients, assessors (they asses thee requirements of the senior citizens) and the service providers to maintain the record a nd the assessment information. The service provider of Home Care Packages, Transition Care Program, and Respite Care Program also access the information from the companys database (My Aged Care, 2016). The team wherein I work provides response to the telephonic and internet query of the clients. There are twenty members in the team and their main role is to address the queries and issues of the senior citizens. Additionally, they also listen to the problems of the clients and identify their main needs and propose a solution accordingly. Skills and Consultation The primary role of the team is to provide services to the clients in accordance to their requirements. In this role, the primary skills required are empathy and patience, adaptability, clear and effective communication and knowledge. The foremost quality in addressing the requirements of the senior citizens is having empathy. It means the ability to feel and understand the feelings of someone else and what happiness means to them. It is also important to connect with the customers at an emotional level so that the customers can share their problem without any hesitation and the professional executives can understand them. The empathy is also essential in the providing solutions to the problems (Topchik, 2007). Along with it, adaptability is required to handle different kind of clients and customers. The service providers should be able to sense the customers mood and adapt in accordance. The executives should also be able to communicate with their customers effectively and complete each enquiry of the customer till he is satisfied. In order to provide solutions to the customers, the executives should have knowledge regarding most of the enquiries and problems that the customer faces. They should also have knowledge regarding where to turn, if the enquiries become too detailed. In order to perform effectively as a team, the team members should have effective communication skills, accountability and cooperation (Jones, 2004) Tuckman proposed a model of group development wherein four phases were defined, namely, forming, storming, norming and performing. These phases are essential to tackle challenges, problems and find solutions and work collaboratively. In the forming phase, the team meets and connect with other new members. At this early stage, the group members remain uninformed regarding the other team members and the team objectives. It is important to build an environment at this stage so that the members can easily connect with each other. The second stage is of storming wherein the team members form opinion about their team members and responsibilities. In this stage, due to bias and opinion forming, disagreement might occur between the members. In the third stage, norming occurs wherein the above clashes and disagreement are solved and a cooperating team spirit occurs. It is the last stage of the model. In this stage, the group members have established goals and responsibilities and achieve succ ess with them. The accountability skills are essential for the identification of the responsibilities and completing them. The collaboration skills are essential for the team to work collaboratively. The communication skills are essential for the team to communicate with each other and express their issues and problems (Nelson and Quick, 2010). Consultation is important for building a team and communicating the team members regarding the teams goals and objectives and the defining the individual responsibility of each team member. Consultation can assist the team development in articulating the mission, vision, role clarification, team building developing trustworthy relationships and decision-making. With consultation, the team manager can easily define and communicate the goals and the expected outcomes of each team members. After the team formation, consultation can assist in implementation of action plans, conflict management, and evaluation of the team performance and accountability of the actions. In personal experience, it has been observed that consultation assist in the resolving the issues and conflicts with the team members. It also assists in developing the efficiency of the team members by developing trust worthy relationships (Lussier, 2008). Performance Plan A performance plan is a document that outlines the expected outcome of each team member, how to achieve it and clear methods of its evaluation. Performance plan is important to measure the performance of each employees and the team as a whole (Rampersad, 2003). Team Performance Plan Objective: At present, the team is dedicated in solving the queries and the issues of the customers and the clients. However, several issues are encountered due to lack of cooperation between the team members. The organization does not have a system of team building and the people once hired works without any team Induction. It results in lack of trustworthy relationships and communication among the team members. The objectives of the present performance plan it to build relationship between different team members. Actions Timeline Responsibilities Resources Review dates Team Induction During team building Team leader will have key responsibilities in arranging the induction session of the new employees. Team induction is the training provided to the newly selected team members The team induction is the training process given to new employees and team members. The newly appointed members are given training regarding the operations and functionalities of the complete organization. Therefore, the employee will be given training through various means such as video, peer training and employee mentoring. All these methods will require finances and time from the senior employees. After every three months or joining of new candidates. Regular team meetings At certain intervals In the team meetings, all the team members will have responsibilities to show their progress regarding their individual goals. The personal goals are inspired by the collective goals of the organization. In order to conduct successful team meetings, participation and commitment from all the employees is required. The team manager should be able to obtain commitment and assurance from all the team members for regular participation and active membership. Although it will require time from all the team members, these team meetings will be beneficial in the evaluating the progress of the team. After every three months Get to know each other session after inclusion of each team member At specific intervals It is the responsibility of the team members to welcome the new member and make him comfortable in the new organization. The team leader can organize sessions so that a new team member can know about the previous embers of the team. These sessions are important for the team member as to enhance collaboration and cooperation. These sessions do not require any additional resources; however, they can enhance the productivity of the team as a whole. After every six months Regular team outings and fun At specific intervals The team leaders can organize team outings on weekends and holidays so that the team members will create friendly relations which will be further essential in the development of team spirit and enhance the productivity and efficiency of the team members. The team members will also be able to effectively communicate with their peers regarding any problems or issues. These activities require financial resources. Team outings and fun are important to inculcate the feeling of collaboration and support. Once an year Indicators or measures of success: Employees resistive towards such activities, skepticism and reluctance for additional work or financial resources. Potential barriers: Negative response of the management regarding organization of such activities Dependencies: The dependencies will be on the management and the members of the team d) Team Member e) Determined Outcomes f) Agreed responsibilities g) Standard to be achieved h) How the task will be measured i) 1 Leader j) Setting targets and developing performance plan for all the team members k) Making the new members of the team comfortable by initiating induction program and team meetings l) There should be reduction in the employee turnover in the team and the performance of the team should improve Every three months, the team will be evaluated for the performance, employee turnover and every employee will have to do fill an exit interview with the reasons for which he is leaving the team. 2 Coordinator m) Arranging team activities n) Making the time schedule for the regular meetings and team activities o) Induction programs should be conducted during the inclusion of each and every member p) A three months evaluation method will be used. With this method, the number of activities organized each month will be evaluated. The response of every employee will be obtained regarding the activities and its organization. q) 3 Negotiator r) Resolving issues and queries related to each team member Negotiator works for the resolution of any issues or friction between the team members. It is the primary responsibility of the negotiator to look if there is any disagreement between the team members There should be a written report regarding each conflict between the team member and the conflicting parties should be consulted regarding it (Davis and Davis, 2008). It is mandatory for the negotiator to report and document all the conflicts and the actions taken to mitigate them. These reports will be evaluated for examining the performance of the negotiator. Supporting the team members In a business organization, developing and growing teams is essential for the performance of the team. The organization can use coaching for inspiring the team members to perform and setting expectations. With coaching can team members can be easily communicated regarding what the company expects of them and how to accomplish these goals. After creating expectations, it is important for the team manager or coach to provide regular and honest feedback to the team members regarding their progress. It is also important to support the team members after the feedback on their performance (Hawkins, 2014). A mentoring program is focused to provide new insight and advice to fresh employees regarding their job functions. Mentoring programs are accomplished with the help of experienced employees who guide new recruits about the job process. It is also an effective way to maintain the organization culture and train the new staffers. There are several business mentoring programs such as one-to-one mentoring, resource-based mentoring, group mentoring, training based mentoring and executive mentoring. On-to-one mentoring is the most dedicated mentoring program as it dedicates one mentor to each mentoree. In this mentoring program, personal connection is developed between the mentor and the mentoree. The mentoree also gets personalized support from the senior employees. However, the primary issue of this mentorship is the limitation of mentors. This program can be made more flexible by providing choice related to mentors and mentorees (Clutterbuck, 2011). Develop strategies to encourage input from the team members In the present business world, the leaders all over the world are encouraging active participation of employees and team members to increase productivity and better strategic decisions. Encourage team members to provide input and solutions to organization problem (Ephraim, 2013). Be clear about organization and share information with the employees liberally. The team leader can also ask directly other members for input and active participation in decision-making (Zarate, 2008). References Clutterbuck, D. (2011). Coaching the Team at Work. Nicholas Brealey Publishing. Davis, D. and Davis, W.R. (2008). Team Performance Inventory: A Guide for Assessing and Building High-Performing Teams, Participant Workbook. John Wiley Sons. Ephraim, N. (2013). Collaborative Communication Processes and Decision Making in Organizations. IGI Global. Hawkins, P. (2014). Leadership Team Coaching: Developing Collective Transformational Leadership. Kogan Page Publishers. Jones, R. (2004). Oxford Textbook of Primary Medical Care. Oxford University Press. Lussier, R. (2008). Management Fundamentals: Concepts, Applications, Skill Development. Cengage Learning. My Aged Care. (2016). Getting started. [Online]. Available at: https://www.myagedcare.gov.au/getting-started [Accessed on 21 December 2016]. Nelson, D.L. and Quick, J.C. (2010). Organizational Behavior: Science, The Real World, and You: Cengage Learning. Rampersad, H.K. (2003). Total Performance Scorecard: Redefining Management to Achieve Performance with Integrity. London: Routledge. Topchik, G.S. (2007). The First-time Manager's Guide to Team Building. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Zarate, P. (2008). Collaborative Decision Making: Perspectives and Challenges. IOS Press.

Impact of Change in the Accounting Standard and Law

Question: Discuss about the impact of change in the accounting standard and law or regulations on the business and accounting profession. Answer: Rationale As we all are aware that the IFRS adoption by an organization will consequently need the changes in the balance sheet presentation that an organization required to do. Lets take an example like debt that has been associated in violation which has been requires to be shown under the head Current Liabilities. Moreover, Deferred Tax liabilities as well as assets are required to be shown under non- current items. Also on other hand, if look at the valuation of the inventory, it will be found that it is required to show inventory as a amount lower of the cost or NRV whichever is less by using IFRS which is unlike GAAP. Further, asses revaluation requires to be done in case the organization is listed as well as the same must be recorded on regular basis which should be at the fair value Research Objectives This topic would have impact on corporate management and investor since it has been seen that corporate management would have more benefit from the simpler rules and standards which have been followed worldwide. And the change led them provide an opportunity for raising the capital. However in case of investors, they are required to re-educate themselves again in regard to the change in standard which sometime led them crash to deal with the same. Research questions 1. Whether shift from the current standard to the internationally accepted which requires people to learn new impact whether would lead or result in consistency for the accounting practices? 2. Whether it creates complex set of guidelines in order to establish the criteria or rules? 3. At the time of considering or taking decision in regard to providing of fund by the investors whether it would create problem as it requires them to identify accounting reporting? Key literature sources Gerhard G. Mueller, Accounting Principles Generally Accepted in the United States versus Those Generally Accepted Elsewhere,International Journal of Accounting(Spring 1968), pp. 91103. American Accounting Association, Report of the American Accounting Association Committee on International Operations and Education 19751976,Accounting Review(Supplement) (1977), pp. 65101. A. Hepworth, International Accounting Standards,The Chartered Accountant in Australia48 (2) (August 1977), pp. 1719 Standards and Statements - AICPA. (2016).Aicpa.org. Retrieved 21 May 2016, from https://www.aicpa.org/Research/Standards/Pages/default.aspx. Mini literature review As it is the clear fact that it is required to prepare financial report in a way that it will provide true fair view in regard t the financial position of the company. This would also help the investors or can be utilize by the potential stakeholders such as customer, supplier, and creditor in order to make investment decision. So, it can be said that it will consequently help to evaluate the performance, earning and also simultaneously help to forecast the income of the company along with the associated risk Since it has been the relevant fact that financial reporting to be considered as essential aspects in respect of the organization or entity. Certain rules as well as regulations which are also known as principles by the governing authority for the Accounting that requires to be followed by every entity or organization at the time of recording the transactions as well as operation of the entity. It has been clear stated that all the transaction must be recorded as per the principles as well as guidelines issued by the GAAP. During the period of 1990s and 2000s, it was found that there was beginning of the financial scandal which directly or indirectly creates a question in regard to the reliability for the financialstamtnetsof the organization or entity. Moreover, as a result of the same, it was found that faith have been lost in regard to the financial position by the investor at the time of making an investment decision. As a result of the same, in the time being it result to smash the whole market. Research Methods / Research Plan This report specifically focuses on the impact of change in accounting standard on the professional which basically prescribes impact of the change on stakeholders also such as investors, suppliers etc. For the above, information has been collected from FASB and American Accounting Association hence specifically not includes any primary data. It has been specifically provided that every transaction must be recorded in accordance with the rules as well principle specifies in respect of the same. Transactions must be recorded in accordance with the accounting standards as issued by the GAAP. Hence opinion in regard to the same using books, journal, and newspaper has been obtained. References Gerhard G. Mueller, Accounting Principles Generally Accepted in the United States versus Those Generally Accepted Elsewhere,International Journal of Accounting(Spring 1968), pp. 91103. A. Hepworth, International Accounting Standards,The Chartered Accountant in Australia48 (2) (August 1977), pp. 1719 Standards and Statements - AICPA. (2016).Aicpa.org. Retrieved 21 May 2016. Highered.mheducation.com. (2016).The Development of Financial Accounting and Reporting Standards. Huang, C. and Lai, G. (2004). Knowledge management system: an agent-based approach.Knowledge Management Research Practice, 2(2), pp.80-94. Mca.gov.in. (2016).impact of change in accounting standard. American Accounting Association, Report of the American Accounting Association Committee on International Operations and Education 19751976,Accounting Review(Supplement) (1977), pp. 65101.

Passenger Satisfaction Survey free essay sample

Knowledge centre was setup at IRITM in 2008. IRITM has a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with IIM Lucknow, for writing Research Papers, Case Studies and assimilating research findings into comprehensive periodic reports to be used for improving training inputs. This is the 4th publication of the Centre. The earlier 3 publications :1. Ideas on PPP, Dr. Kalpana Dube, Sr. Prof. (Fin. PPP), IRITM Ashish Shukla 2. A Handbook on Project Finance PPP Terminology, Dr. Kalpana Dube, Sr. Prof. (Fin. PPP), IRITM Ankit Tandon 3. Studying the Efficacy of an Airport Modernization Concession Agreement, Dr. Kalpana Dube, Sr. Prof. (Fin. PPP), IRITM The above publications have been well received not only by the Railways but even outside in the Government, Private Sector and Educational Institutions. Indian Railways is the life line of the nation. It has been instrumental in bringing about a social, cultural and economic revolution in our society and has been a strong uniting and integrating force. We will write a custom essay sample on Passenger Satisfaction Survey or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Despite being a monopoly in passenger services which are highly subsidized, can it afford to have a dissatisfied customer? To keep the nation moving and the customers happy, our net social service obligations in 2010-11 constituted 17. 57% of total expenditure. Analysis of profitability of Coaching Services showed a loss of 21,324 crores to which net suburban losses in Chennai, Kolkatta and Mumbai contributed Rs. 2364 crores. Other factors have also accelerated the situation which include low second class ordinary fares non suburban commuters and concession in fare extended to various categories. No other transport sector today is offering rates which could compete with the Railways. Despite so much of effort if we are still unable to keep our Customer satisfied there certainly seems to be some communication gap between us and the Customer. In order to asses that gap IRITM conducted a â€Å"Passenger Satisfaction Survey† on the Northern, North Central and North Eastern Railway, the result of which are summarized in the publication. We hope the results would allow us the Railway personnel to introspect about our â€Å"Customer Demand† and initiate us to give a better service and be more vocal in showing our concern for keeping our Customer Happy. Ashima Singh Director IRITM Lucknow July 2012 FOREWORD Passenger Amenities and provision of certain essential as well as desirable features on Railway stations as well as on-board train services continually engage the attention of policy makers in the Railway Board as well as the Field Officers in the Zones and Divisions. The ground level scenario at major stations in the country differs in terms of scope as well as its perceived usefulness by the Railway Passengers. The present survey was designed to get a comprehensive feedback on 37 different service parameters related to passenger conveniences and station facilities. While the objective assessment fields were readily responded to by most passengers the open ended questions did not elicit detailed replies and were perfunctory. The perception gap between Passenger responses and Railway Officers’ responses also highlighted some interesting differences. Illumination at Stations, Signage and Clarity of Train Announcements and Booking Counter experience have got very favorable responses. The deficiency areas which were most reported on were cleanliness on platforms and train toilets, late running of trains as well as unauthorized people in compartments. What must be emphasized here is that none of these areas actually require capital expenditure or investments or repeated policy directives. They just require vigilantism, active supervision and better coordination among the service providers within the various departments. A standard protocol of maintenance, cleanliness and supervision functions needs to be worked upon just like the various service related parameters put in operation at the newly developed and modernized airports. (Please refer Annexure). This is a standard checklist of service parameters insisted upon by Delhi International Airport Limited (DIAL). A similar drill would go a long way in ensuring better services on our premium stations especially A1, and A categories. The booklet has been designed in such a manner that passenger responses can be very easily understood through use of colorful graphics and simple data presentation, however the larger question which needs to be addressed is that can we provide station and on board housekeeping services which are game changers and path breaking at the same time? Which reflect a paradigm shift in the way Passenger Services are traditionally being offered by Indian Railways. Perhaps the new Station Development Corporation announced recently may introduce sweeping changes to radically alter the present system of addressing Passenger Amenities and general conveniences to be made available to the public. The Station Development Corporation has been conceived with the primary objective of augmenting and improving passenger related amenities at stations. All the issues highlighted in the current survey would perhaps get addressed if fast tracking the activities of the Station Development agency can show visible early results. The areas of action being well designed concourses, high end waiting spaces, easy access with disabled friendly options for station premises, congestion free platforms, modern catering facilities etc. The Report has been made more useful by adding edited versions of the comprehensive, pan-India Passenger Service Surveys and Station Cleanliness Surveys conducted by the CAG (Railways) in the last few years. In addition, some additional literature and visuals of world class stations have been added to give a feel of what the future may look like in the days to come for Passenger Amenities and Services in Modernized Railway Stations. The Report has also been substantiated with identifying certain important performance benchmarks, using examples from the Aviation Sector. Performance benchmarking and improving customer perception are important milestones in improving station premises and passenger services beyond the conventional targets to the next level. A level which is path breaking and futuristic in its vision and implementation. If the checklist of the 37 parameters used in this study as well as the findings contained in the Audit Reports are read and comprehended by the Railway officers responsible for these functions, the purpose of the survey would be fulfilled. However, it may be useful to reiterate that station maintenance procedures must follow the KISNE principle i. e. Keep It Smart Neat and Efficient. Also while we cannot promise the moon to our customers we must ensure that what we do promise we deliver at all times with 100% efficiency and Zero Failures. These are achievable because we have a long experience of managing stations and procedures are well laid out. What is perhaps needed is a well established drill of adhering to a standard protocol of Station and Train Maintenance Practices and not allow the drill to falter even for a day. A well thought strategy, precision in execution and applying Six Sigma principles for not deviating from the Standard Maintenance and Supervision Protocol would go a long way establishing a New Order which is easy to replicate and easy to follow. Dr. Kalpana Dube Senior Professor IRITM Lucknow July 2012 The more you engage with customers the clearer things become and the easier it is to determine what you should be doing. Objectives of the Passenger Survey Criteria and Methodology Sample Size/Target Respondents Passenger Survey Findings Response by Railway Officers Suggestions for Proactive Action Comparison of General Public Railway Officers’ Response Perception Gap – Between the General Public as Rail Users and Railway Officers as Rail Users Graphical Representation of the Findings Strategy For Promoting Indian Railways Image And Train Travel Experience Some Suggestions Benchmarking Performance Assessment Measures Sub Report One: Sample Service Quality Specifications For Delhi International Airport Ltd. DIAL) Conceptual Background for Railway Stations as Profit Investment Centers Sub Report Two: CAG Recommendations on Passenger Services in Indian Railways 2008-09 Sub Report Three: CAG Recommendations on Cleanliness and Sanitation on Indian Railways 2007-08 Annexure 1: Citizen Charter on Passenger Services of Indian Railways Annexure 2: Questionnaire Used for the Passenger Satisfact ion Survey for IR Performance Service Standards Page No Passenger Satisfaction Survey Report and Benchmarking of Performance Standards Objectives of the Passenger Survey †¢ †¢ To review the facilities provided to the passengers right from ticket booking to the on-board travel experience in the trains To asses if facilities provided in trains were adequate and effectively maintained or not, from the point of Passenger Satisfaction in Station Maintenance Practices. To know the priority areas so that these can be strengthened to optimize passenger satisfaction. To asses the overall travel experience of the passengers in the Indian Railways and their perception of the organization. †¢ †¢ Criteria and Methodology An open ended questionnaire with about 37 parameters was prepared and survey was conducted with the help of three field executives provided by the Indian Institute of Management (IIM) Lucknow. The survey was conducted over a period of ten days through direct contact and filling up of the questionnaire by on-board passengers of all the Travel Classes (AC, 2nd Sleeper). The routes identified for the survey were mainly on the Northern part of the country Lucknow New Delhi Lucknow, Lucknow Gorakhpur Lucknow, Lucknow Varanasi Lucknow, Lucknow Allahabad Lucknow, Lucknow Kanpur Lucknow, Lucknow Moradabad Lucknow, Lucknow Firozpur Lucknow. All the Stations surveyed belonged to A-1 and A category. 1 Passenger Satisfaction Survey Report and Benchmarking of Performance Standards Sample Size/Target Respondents The sample size of the survey was around 700 passengers which included 100 Railway Officers as well. The general passengers age profile was from 15 years to 65 years with maximum response coming in from the young adults/youth i. e. 26-35 years of age. About 28% were female respondents and balance were males. Quality in a service or product is not what you put into it. It is what the client or customer gets out of it. Peter F. Drucker 2 Passenger Satisfaction Survey Report and Benchmarking of Performance Standards Passenger Survey Findings Top Efficiencies 1. Illumination Signages 2. Availability of Porters (Coolies) at the Station 2. Booking Clerk Competency Behaviour 3. Clarity of Announcement at Stations Top Deficiencies 1. Cleanliness of Toilets 2. Unauthorized Vendors Passengers 2. Cleanliness of Platforms 3. Late Running of Trains Top Three Concerns/Priority Areas 1. Punctuality 2. Quality of services 3. Safety Satisfactory Services (Rated as Good) 1. Ambience of Waiting Rooms/Rest Rooms 2. Seating, Water, Trolley facilities at the Platform 3. Pricing of Food 4. Linen/Bedroll Cleanliness 5. Fans and Lights in the Trains 3 Passenger Satisfaction Survey Report and Benchmarking of Performance Standards Other Findings of the Survey †¢ More than 60% of the people have used IT Enabled services such as Internet Ticketing, Enquiry Kiosks, Touch Screens, etc. 64% of the passengers surveyed confirmed that they have seen service improvements in the Railways in the last five years. 31 % of the passengers surveyed are satisfied with the Railway Amenities/ facilities. 35 % of the passengers surveyed think that Railways are giving Value for Money for the services provided. 47 % of the passengers surveyed rated Overall Services provided by the Railways as Good †¢ †¢ †¢ Your most unhappy customers are your greatest source of learning. Bill Gates 4 Passenger Satisfaction Survey Report and Benchmarking of Performance Standards Response by Railway Officers Top Efficiencies 1. Booking Clerk Competency Behaviour 2. Quality Quantity of Food made available 3. Clarity of Announcement at Stations Top Deficiencies 1. Coach/Toilets occupied by Unauthorized Passenger Vendors 2. Handli ng of Theft Cases 3. Cleanliness of Toilets/Coaches Top three Concerns/Priority Areas 1. Quality of Service 2. Punctuality 3. Cleanliness Satisfactory Services (Rated as Good) 1. Water in the Coaches 2. Seating, Water, Trolley facilities at the Platform 3. Cleanliness of Platform 4. Ambience of Waiting Rooms/Rest Rooms 5. Illumination Signages 5 Passenger Satisfaction Survey Report and Benchmarking of Performance Standards Other Findings of the Survey †¢ More than 70% of the Railway Officers have used IT Enabled services such as internet ticketing, enquiry kiosks, touch screens, etc. 94% of the Railway Officers surveyed confirmed that they have seen service improvements in the Railways in the last five years. 7 % of the Railway Officers surveyed are satisfied with the Railway Amenities/ Facilities. 86 % of the Railway Officers surveyed think that Railways giving Value for Money for the services provided. 85 % of the Railway Officers surveyed rated Overall Services provided by the Railways as Good. †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ 6 This handbook on Passenger Satisfaction Survey and Benchmarking of Performance Stan dards has been compiled using the results obtained in a 15 day extensive Passenger Survey launched by IRITM PPP Knowledge Centre in association with IIM Lucknow. The survey was in the northern part of the country covering A-1 and A category stations. 700 responses were obtained on 37 different passenger service parameters under nine categories ranging from Point of Sale to On-board Facilities to IT based Passenger Transactions. These have been compiled in easy to read, colourful graphics in this Report. The Report has been made more useful by adding edited versions of the comprehensive, pan-India Passenger Service Surveys and Station Cleanliness Surveys conducted by the CAG (Railways) in the last few years. In addition, some additional literature and visuals of world class stations have been added to give a feel of what the future may look like in the days to come for Passenger Amenities and Services in Modernized Railway Stations. This handbook would be of use not only to IRTS Probationers but also to all frontline Managers and Staff in Indian Railways responsible for Station Maintenance, Sanitation and Passenger Amenities. The handbook can also be accessed on the IRITM website www. iritm. indianrailways. gov. in.

Latin Names and Terms for Family Members

Latin Names and Terms for Family Members English kinship terms, although not completely transparent even to those who grew up using them, lack the complexity found in many other language systems. English speakers might struggle to determine whether someone is a cousin once removed or a second cousin, but we dont have to think twice about what the title is for a parents sister. It doesnt matter if the parent is the father or the mother: the name is the same: aunt.  In Latin, we would have to know whether the aunt is on the fathers side, an amita, or on the mothers, a matertera. This is not restricted to kinship terms. In terms of the sounds a language makes, there is a compromise made between ease of articulation and ease of understanding. In the realm of vocabulary, the ease might be the ease of memorizing a small number of specialized terms vs the need of others to know to whom youre referring. Sibling is more general than sister or brother. In English, we have both, but only those. In other languages, there might be a term for an older sister or younger brother and maybe none for a sibling, which could be considered too general to be useful.   For those who grew up speaking, for instance, Farsi or Hindi, this list may seem as it should be, but for us English speakers, it may take some time. soror, sororis, f. sisterfrater, fratris, m. brothermater, matris, f. motherpater, patris, m. fatheravia, -ae, f. grandmotheravus, -i, m. grandfatherproavia, -ae, f. great-grandmotherproavus, -i, m. great-grandfatherabavia, f. great-great-grandmotherabavus, m. great-great-grandfatheratavia, f. great-great-great-grandmotheratavus, m. great-great-great-grandfathernoverca, -ae. f. stepmothervitricus, -, m. stepfatherpatruus, -i, m. paternal unclepatruus magnus, m. paternal great-unclepropatruus, m. paternal great-great uncleavunculus, -i, m. maternal uncleavunculus magnus, m. maternal great-uncleproavunculus, m. maternal great-great uncleamita, -ae, f. paternal auntamita magna, f. paternal great auntproamita, f. paternal great-great auntmatertera, -ae, f. maternal auntmatertera magna, f. maternal great-auntpromatertera, f. maternal great-great-auntpatruelis, -is, m./f. paternal cousinsobrinus, -i, m. maternal boy cousinsobrina, -ae, f. maternal girl cousinvitrici filius/filia, m./f. pat ernal step-sibling ï » ¿novercae filius/filia, m./f. maternal step-siblingfilius, -i, m. sonfilia, -ae. f. daughterprivignus, -i, m. stepsonprivigna, -ae, f. stepdaughternepos, nepotis, m. grandsonneptis, neptis, f. grand-daughterabnepos/abneptis, m./f. great-grandson/great-granddaughteradnepos/adneptis, m./f. great-great-grandso/great-great-granddaughter Source Sandys, John Edwin, 1910. A Companion to Latin Studies. Cambridge University Press: London.